Common childhood infections

Common Childhood Infections is a practical, case-based course designed to equip healthcare professionals with the essential knowledge to identify and manage the five most common paediatric infections seen in clinical practice. Through six focused units, participants will gain a deep understanding of each condition’s clinical presentation, diagnostic approach, and treatment pathways.

Unit 1: Introduction
The course begins with an overview of the burden and significance of childhood infections in primary care. Participants are introduced to course objectives, assessment methods, and tools for maximising their learning experience.

Unit 2: Pharyngitis/Tonsillitis
This unit explores the causes, signs, and symptoms of sore throat in children, focusing on distinguishing viral from bacterial etiologies such as Group A Streptococcus. It covers red flags, examination techniques, use of throat swabs, and appropriate antibiotic prescribing, while also addressing complications and recurrence prevention.

Unit 3: Urinary Tract Infections (UTIs)
Covering UTIs in depth, this unit addresses their high incidence in children, with particular focus on age- and sex-related risk factors, pathophysiology, and the significance of early diagnosis to prevent renal complications. It outlines diagnostic methods including urine sampling and dipstick use, discusses recurrence management, and compares empirical antibiotic therapies with culture-guided treatment.

Unit 4: Impetigo
Participants will learn how to recognise and treat this highly contagious superficial skin infection. The unit distinguishes between bullous and non-bullous forms, identifies at-risk populations, and explains both topical and systemic treatment protocols. Emphasis is placed on hygiene measures, school exclusion criteria, and preventing spread within households.

Unit 5: Pertussis (Whooping Cough)
This unit details the clinical progression of pertussis, including the characteristic paroxysmal cough and post-tussive vomiting. It outlines diagnostic criteria, public health notification requirements, and age-based vaccination strategies. Management principles focus on antibiotic use and protecting vulnerable populations.

Unit 6: Bronchiolitis
Focusing on infants and young children, this unit reviews the viral causes of bronchiolitis, particularly respiratory syncytial virus (RSV). It covers risk assessment, clinical features such as wheezing and respiratory distress, and supportive care strategies. Guidance is provided on when to escalate care or refer for hospitalisation.
Upon completion, practitioners will be more confident and capable in managing common paediatric infections, ultimately improving outcomes for young patients in primary care settings.